Django认证模型错误：未定义'name 'User

Question

1. 错误代码：

NameError: name 'User' is not defined

>>> myproject ME$ python manage.py shell
NameError: name 'User' is not defined
myproject ME$ python manage.py shell
Python 2.7.5 (default, Mar  9 2014, 22:15:05) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> user = User.objects.create_user('john', 'lennon@thebeatles.com', 'johnpassword')
>>> user.is_staff = True
>>> user.save()
>>> User.objects.all()
[<User: superuser>, <User: john>]
>>> from django.db import models
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> 
>>> 
>>> from django.conf import settings
>>> user = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)
>>> User.objects.all()
[<User: superuser>, <User: john>]
>>> user.save()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'ForeignKey' object has no attribute 'save'
>>> from django.conf import settings

你有什么建议吗？

我该怎么做？

有没有办法检查用户认证模型是否被导入了？如果没有正确导入，我该怎么办？

我的书签应用有问题吗？

2. 我的 models.py 文件：

from django.db import models

class Bookmark(models.Model):
    author = models.ForeignKey(User)
    title = models.CharField(max_length=200, blank=True, default="")
    url = models.URLField()
    timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return "%s by %s" % (self.url, self.author.username)

class Tag(models.Model):
    bookmarks = models.ManyToManyField(Bookmark)
    slug = models.CharField(max_length=50, unique=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.slug

Answer 1

你在这里提到了 User：author = models.ForeignKey(User)，但是在你的 models.py 文件中忘记导入 User 了。

把下面这行代码放在你的 models.py 文件的最上面：

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

编辑：

还有一种更新的导入用户模型的方法，适用于可配置的用户模型：

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()

返回的配置用户模型将基于设置 AUTH_USER_MODEL。