如何通过Python IMAP4_SSL连接自签名服务器的SSL证书？

Question

我正在使用python3和imaplib来连接一个Exchange服务器。这个Exchange服务器使用的是一个自签名证书，证书是为主机名'my.server.fqdn'创建的。在我最近对工作站（Ubuntu 14.04）进行操作系统升级后，我的python脚本就不再工作了。

我使用的基本代码片段如下：

#!/usr/bin/python3

import imaplib
import socket
import ssl
import getpass

passwd = getpass.getpass()
mail =  imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('my.server.fqdn', 1143)  
mail.login('mike', passwd)
mail.list()
mail.select("INBOX")

在升级之前，这段代码运行得很好。现在这段代码却出现了这个错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./example.py", line 9, in <module>
    mail =  imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('my.server.fqdn', 1143)  
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/imaplib.py", line 1222, in __init__
    IMAP4.__init__(self, host, port)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/imaplib.py", line 181, in __init__
    self.open(host, port)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/imaplib.py", line 1236, in open
    IMAP4.open(self, host, port)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/imaplib.py", line 257, in open
    self.sock = self._create_socket()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/imaplib.py", line 1228, in _create_socket
    server_hostname=server_hostname)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line 364, in wrap_socket
    _context=self)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line 578, in __init__
    self.do_handshake()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line 805, in do_handshake
    self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: TLSV1_ALERT_INTERNAL_ERROR] tlsv1 alert internal error (_ssl.c:598)

我不太清楚是python在自签名证书上出了问题，还是SSL版本有问题，或者是python 3中有什么新的东西导致我的旧代码不再工作。

我确实有一个来自Exchange服务器的PEM文件，这让我可以使用curl连接到服务器。虽然认证失败了，但curl在SSL握手过程中进行的检查似乎是正常的。为了让curl正常工作，我需要提供--sslv3选项以及PEM文件的路径。如果我也需要在python中这样做才能让它再次工作，我该如何给python提供相同的信息呢？

curl会话的内容如下：

$ curl -vvv --sslv3 https://my.server.fqdn:1143 --cacert ~/my_server_fqdn.pem 
    * Rebuilt URL to: https://my.server.fqdn:1143/
    * Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
    *   Trying 10.10.10.10...
    * Connected to my.server.fqdn (10.10.10.10) port 1143 (#0)
    * successfully set certificate verify locations:
    *   CAfile: /home/username/my_server_fqdn.pem
      CApath: /etc/ssl/certs
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
    * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):
    * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
    * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20):
    * SSL connection using ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
    * Server certificate:
    *        subject: O=fqdn; O=SERVER; OU=M; CN=my.server.fqdn
    *        start date: 2013-07-29 20:59:04 GMT
    *        expire date: 2023-07-27 20:59:04 GMT
    *        common name: my.server.fqdn (matched)
    *        issuer: O=fqdn; O=SERVER; OU=M; CN=my.server.fqdn
    *        SSL certificate verify ok.
    > GET / HTTP/1.1
    > User-Agent: curl/7.35.0
    > Host: my.server.fqdn:1143
    > Accept: */*
    > 
    * OK [CAPABILITY IMAP4REV1 AUTH=LOGIN MOVE] IMAP4rev1 server ready
    GET BAD command authentication required
    User-Agent: BAD command authentication required
    Host: BAD command authentication required
    Accept: BAD command authentication required
    * SSLv3, TLS alert, Client hello (1):
    * Connection #0 to host my.server.fqdn left intact

Answer 1

显然，这个问题是因为在Ubuntu 12.04和14.04的openssl软件包中，某些版本的TLS协议被禁用了。我最后在python3中使用了一个ssl上下文，并强制将连接的SSL版本设置为3。现在这个方法似乎有效了。希望这能帮助到那些遇到同样问题的人。

#!/usr/bin/python3

import imaplib
import socket
import ssl
import getpass

ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3)  
passwd = getpass.getpass()
mail =  imaplib.IMAP4_SSL('my.server.fqdn', 1143, ssl_context=ctx)
mail.login('mike', passwd)
mail.select('INBOX', 1)
typ, uids = mail.uid("SEARCH", None, "ALL")

uids = uids[0].split()
for u in uids:
   print ("found uid " , u)

mail.close()
mail.logout()
del mail