如何在Django测试中使用AssertRaisesMessage()

Question

我按照Django文档的说明，使用assertRaisesMessage()来写测试，但问题是，当执行测试时，异常直接被抛出来了（所以测试根本没法执行）。需要注意的是，这个异常是我在模型中的一个方法里主动抛出的（而不是在视图中）。

class MyTestCase(TestCase):
    def test_invertRewardState_view_fails_notmy_reward(self):
        self.client.login(email='gislaine@toto.com', password='azerty')
        resp = self.client.get(reverse(invertRewardState, args=(1,)))
        self.assertRaisesMessage(
            expected_exception=Exception,
            expected_message=EXC_NOT_YOURS,
            callable_obj=resp)

我该如何使用AssertRaisesMessage()，让我的测试能够执行而不抛出异常呢？谢谢。

编辑：在尝试了falsetru的第一个解决方案后，问题依然存在。只要我的测试进入resp = ...那部分，视图就会被调用，然后相关的模型方法也会被调用，接着抛出异常。完整的错误追踪信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/clientizr/tests.py", line 338, in test_invertRewardState_view_fails_notmy_reward
    resp = self.client.get(reverse(invertRewardState, args=('1',)))
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 473, in get
    response = super(Client, self).get(path, data=data, **extra)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 280, in get
    return self.request(**r)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/test/client.py", line 444, in request
    six.reraise(*exc_info)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py", line 114, in get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py", line 22, in _wrapped_view
    return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/clientizr/views.py", line 234, in invertRewardState
    reward.invert_reward_state(request.user)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/clientizr/models.py", line 606, in invert_reward_state
    self.throw_error_if_not_owner_reward(cur_user)
  File "/Users/walt/Code/hellodjango/clientizr/models.py", line 587, in throw_error_if_not_owner_reward
    raise Exception(EXC_NOT_YOURS)
Exception: Cet objet n'est pas le v\xf4tre

Answer 1

如果你使用 self.client.get，你不会直接看到错误信息，但你可以查看状态码来判断情况。

def test_invertRewardState_view_fails_notmy_reward(self):
    self.client.login(email='gislaine@toto.com', password='azerty')
    resp = self.client.get(reverse(invertRewardState, args=('1',)))
    self.assertEqual(resp.status_code, 500)
    self.assertIn(EXC_NOT_YOURS in resp.content)

如果你想要看到错误信息，可以直接调用视图。

def test_invertRewardState_view_fails_notmy_reward(self):
    request = HttpRequest()
    request.user = User.objects.create(email='gislaine@toto.com')  # login
    self.assertRaisesMessage(Exception, EXC_NOT_YOURS, invertRewardState, '1')

你也可以使用上下文管理器的方式，正如Ned Batchelder所建议的那样。

Answer 2

你可以把 assertRaisesMessage 当作一个上下文管理器，放在你认为会出错的代码周围：

class MyTestCase(TestCase):
    def test_invertRewardState_view_fails_notmy_reward(self):
        self.client.login(email='gislaine@toto.com', password='azerty')
        url = reverse(invertRewardState, args=(1,))
        with self.assertRaisesMessage(Exception, EXC_NOT_YOURS):
            self.client.get(url)