运行IPython Notebook时缺少pyzmq

Question

我可以运行iPython，但当我尝试启动一个笔记本时，出现了以下错误：

~  ipython notebook                   
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/ipython", line 8, in <module>
    load_entry_point('ipython==2.1.0', 'console_scripts', 'ipython')()
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/__init__.py", line 120, in start_ipython
    return launch_new_instance(argv=argv, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 563, in launch_instance
    app.initialize(argv)
  File "<string>", line 2, in initialize
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 92, in catch_config_error
    return method(app, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/terminal/ipapp.py", line 321, in initialize
    super(TerminalIPythonApp, self).initialize(argv)
  File "<string>", line 2, in initialize
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 92, in catch_config_error
    return method(app, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/core/application.py", line 381, in initialize
    self.parse_command_line(argv)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/terminal/ipapp.py", line 316, in parse_command_line
    return super(TerminalIPythonApp, self).parse_command_line(argv)
  File "<string>", line 2, in parse_command_line
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 92, in catch_config_error
    return method(app, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 475, in parse_command_line
    return self.initialize_subcommand(subc, subargv)
  File "<string>", line 2, in initialize_subcommand
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 92, in catch_config_error
    return method(app, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/config/application.py", line 406, in initialize_subcommand
    subapp = import_item(subapp)
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/utils/importstring.py", line 42, in import_item
    module = __import__(package, fromlist=[obj])
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/html/notebookapp.py", line 39, in <module>
    check_for_zmq('2.1.11', 'IPython.html')
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/ipython-2.1.0-py2.7.egg/IPython/utils/zmqrelated.py", line 37, in check_for_zmq
    raise ImportError("%s requires pyzmq >= %s"%(required_by, minimum_version))
ImportError: IPython.html requires pyzmq >= 2.1.11

不过，按照我所看到的，我已经安装了pyzmq这个包。

~ pip install pyzmq            
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyzmq in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pyzmq-14.3.1-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg
Cleaning up...

Answer 1

使用

ipython2.7 notebook

而不是

ipython notebook

对我来说，这个方法有效。

Answer 2

对我来说（Ubuntu 14.04.2），通过软件包管理器Synaptic安装是有效的：这个软件包叫做python3-zmq，安装这个软件包时会同时安装libzmq3。

之后检查一下pyzmq是否正确安装：

pip list

然后我安装了ipython：

pip install "ipython[all]"

Answer 3

唉，安装 ipython 有点特别。为了搞定这个问题，我做了以下步骤：

$ pip uninstall ipython
$ pip install "ipython[all]"

问题在于，笔记本有自己需要的依赖包，而这些依赖包并不会随着 pip install ipython 一起安装。不过，既然你已经安装了 ipython，那么如果你接着尝试用 [all] 的方式，pip 就不会觉得需要再添加其他东西了。

正如一些评论中提到的，对于某些命令行工具（比如 zsh），你需要对方括号进行转义或者加上引号（pip install ipython\[all\] 也可以正常工作）。