gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer '工作进程启动失败。' 3> django

Question

我有一个Django应用程序，想先用gunicorn来设置它，之后再用supervisor和nginx。

这个应用程序用正常的Django命令运行得很好，比如说 python manage.py runserver。

我通过pip安装了gunicorn，命令是 pip install gunicorn，而Django的版本是 1.5.3。

当我在虚拟环境中运行下面的命令时：

gunicorn hello.wsgi:application -b xx.xxx.xxx.xx:8000，结果遇到了一个错误。

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/root/Envs/proj/bin/gunicorn", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('gunicorn==19.0.0', 'console_scripts', 'gunicorn')()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 74, in run
    WSGIApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]").run()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 166, in run
    super(Application, self).run()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 71, in run
    Arbiter(self).run()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 169, in run
    self.manage_workers()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 477, in manage_workers
    self.spawn_workers()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 537, in spawn_workers
    time.sleep(0.1 * random.random())
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 209, in handle_chld
    self.reap_workers()
  File "/root/Envs/proj/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 459, in reap_workers
    raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>

那么，为什么会出现这个错误呢？该怎么解决呢？

Answer 1

我在Ubuntu 16.04上也遇到了类似的错误，使用的是Django 1.11和systemd。

我的问题是我把设置分成了几个不同的文件；也就是说，我没有把所有的设置都放在project/settings.py里，而是像project/settings/dev.py这样分开了几个设置文件。

我需要在project/wsgi.py文件中更新DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE，从：

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "project.settings")  

改成

os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "project.settings.dev")

然后gunicorn就能正常工作了。

Answer 2

如果你也遇到同样的问题，通常是django本身的某个地方出了问题。你可以先激活你的虚拟环境，然后运行命令 ./manage.py runserver。

这样做通常会给你一个更详细的错误信息。

Answer 3

你没有展示完整的输出。它可能看起来像这样：

$ gunicorn elcarweb.wsgi
[2015-10-27 21:01:47 +0000] [5429] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.2.1
[2015-10-27 21:01:47 +0000] [5429] [INFO] Listening at: http://127.0.0.1:8000 (5429)
[2015-10-27 21:01:47 +0000] [5429] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2015-10-27 21:01:47 +0000] [5434] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 5434
[2015-10-27 21:01:47 +0000] [5434] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 503, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 116, in init_process
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
    __import__(module)
ImportError: No module named elcarweb.wsgi
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 503, in spawn_worker
    worker.init_process()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 116, in init_process
    self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
    self.callable = self.load()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
    return self.load_wsgiapp()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
    return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
    __import__(module)
ImportError: No module named elcarweb.wsgi
[2015-10-27 21:01:47 +0000] [5434] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 5434)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/bin/gunicorn", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(run())
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 74, in run
    WSGIApplication("%(prog)s [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]").run()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 189, in run
    super(Application, self).run()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 72, in run
    Arbiter(self).run()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 170, in run
    self.manage_workers()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 473, in manage_workers
    self.spawn_workers()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 537, in spawn_workers
    time.sleep(0.1 * random.random())
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 210, in handle_chld
    self.reap_workers()
  File "/home/tomek/Elcar/elcarweb/env/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 455, in reap_workers
    raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>

最后的追踪信息几乎是一样的，但在你看到所需的信息之前：

ImportError: No module named elcarweb.wsgi

如果你看到这个错误，那么解决办法是用 --chdir=/your/app/dir 参数来运行 gunicorn。

Answer 4

使用 --preload 参数运行 guncorn 可以看到错误日志，像这样：

gunicorn app:application --preload -b 0.0.0.0:5000 

这样通常会给你更详细的错误信息。

Answer 5

其实这里的问题出在wsgi文件本身。在django 1.3之前，wsgi文件的扩展名是.wsgi，但在最近的版本中，它的扩展名变成了.py，也就是说，wsgi文件现在必须是一个Python模块。

所以这个文件应该命名为hello_wsgi.py，然后命令应该是

gunicorn  hello:application -b xx.xxx.xxx.xx:8000