使用BeautifulSoup获取主体文本后清理文本字符串

Question

我正在尝试从各种网页的文章中提取文本，并将它们写成干净的文本文件。我不想要所有可见的文本，因为这些文本通常会包含网页侧边的一些无关链接。我正在使用BeautifulSoup来提取页面中的信息。但是，有些额外的链接不仅出现在页面的侧边，有时还会出现在正文中间或者文章底部，这些链接有时会出现在最终的结果中。

有没有人知道如何处理这些额外链接的问题？这些链接被转化为文本，但实际上并不是文章真实内容的一部分。

#Some of the imports are for other portions of the code not shown here.
#I'm new to Python and am bad at remembering which library has which functions.
import os
import sys
import urllib2
import webbrowser
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from os import path
from cookielib import CookieJar

#I made an opener to deal with proxies and put *** instead of my information
#cookielib helps me get articles from nytimes
proxy = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http': '***' % '***'})
auth = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
cj = CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(proxy, auth, urllib2.HTTPHandler, urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

#Uses url input as a string to upen a webpage and and pulls out all the information.
def baumeister(url):
    req = urllib2.Request(url)
    opened = urllib2.urlopen(req)
    html_doc = opened.read()
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc)
    return soup

#Gets the body text from that html information.
def substanz(url):
    soup = baumeister(url)
    body = soup.find_all("p") #This is where I have tried to fix the problem and failed
    result = ""    
    for e in body:
        i = e.getText().replace("\t", "").replace("  ", " ").strip().encode(errors="ignore")
        result += i + "\r\n\r\n"
    return result

我用来测试的一个文章是我想要的那种干净处理的：

http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/06/do-you-really-want-to-be-yourself-at-work/

我正在尝试用不同网站的更多文章进行测试。所以我想要清理substanz的结果（结果是一个很大的字符串）。我遇到的问题是这个文章：

http://www.cnbc.com/id/101790001?__source=yahoo%7Cfinance%7Cheadline%7Cheadline%7Cstory&par=yahoo&doc=101790001%7CThink%20college%20is%20expensiv#.

我刚刚使用了print substanz('url')来查看结果是什么样的。在cnbc的文章中，我得到了额外的链接被转化为文本，但这些文本实际上并不是文章的一部分。而在哈佛商业评论的文章中，一切都很好，因为包含的链接确实是实际文本的一部分。

我不会在这里附上每篇文章的完整结果，因为它们每篇都是一整页的文本。

如果你尝试我上面发布的代码，开头部分可能无法正常工作，所以请使用你喜欢的任何方式来访问网站。我在工作中需要访问特定的代理，所以这是对我有效的格式。

最后说明一下，我使用的是python 3.4，并且在ipython notebook中编写代码。

Answer 1

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://www.cnbc.com/id/101790001?__source=yahoo%7Cfinance%7Cheadline%7Cheadline%7Cstory&par=yahoo&doc=101790001%7CThink%20college%20is%20expensiv#")
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content)
text =[''.join(s.findAll(text=True))for s in soup.findAll('p')]
print (text)


  ['>> View All Results for ""', 'Enter multiple symbols separated by commas', 'London quotes now available', 'Interest rates on loans to jump', "Because federal student loans are tied to the 10-year Treasury note, CNBC's Sharon Epperson reports borrowers will see the impact of the rise in Treasury yields over the past year.", '  Congratulations, graduates, on your diploma. Now what about that $29,000 student loan debt? ', '  More than 70 percent of graduates will carry student debt into the real world, according to the Institute for College Access and Success. And the average debt is just shy of $30,000.  ', '  But the news will get worse next week when interest rates on student loans are set to rise again.   ', '  Though federal student loan rates are fixed for the life of the loan, these rates reset for new borrowers every July 1, thanks to legislation that ties the rates to the performance of the financial markets.  ', '  The interest rate on federal Stafford loans will go from its current fixed rate of just under 4 percent to 4.66 percent for loans that are distributed between July 1 and June 30, 2015.  ', ' Read MoreStudent loan problem an easy fix: Sen. Warren ', '  For graduate students, the rate on Stafford loans will rise from just over 5 percent  to 6.21 percent.  ', '  Direct PLUS Loans for graduates and parents are still the most expensive, with rates rising to 7.21 percent.', 'Which college major pays off most?', "CNBC's Sharon Epperson reports majoring in engineering is the most lucrative. ", "  The increase in monthly federal student loan payments can add up quickly, but shouldn't be too burdensome for most students. For every $10,000 in loans, new borrowers will pay about $4 more a month based on a 10-year repayment period.   ", " Read MoreWhy millennial women don't save for retirement ", '  Still, experts warn that this is only just the beginning.  ', '  "Federal student loan rates will continue to increase in the next few years and will likely hit the maximum rate caps which are as high as 10.5 percent for some loans," said Mark Kantrowitz, senior vice president and publisher of Edvisors.com.  ', '  For sophomore student Samantha Cook, the decision to go to George Washington University was a big one financially. She says she had doubts about it.  ', '  "My parents wanted to assure me that no matter what I picked, we\'d find a way to make it work," Cook said. Like most families, Cook and her parents are making it work by combining their household savings, scholarships and grants—and student loans.    ', ' Read MoreCramer: Offset high cost of higher education ', '  Despite rising tuition and borrowing costs, the Cook family decided against Samantha transferring to an in-state university.  ', '  Despite the debt load she is taking on, she said, "the value of a GW degree for me at least would be more valuable when looking for jobs later on." ', " —By CNBC's Sharon Epperson ", 'Hosting a yard sale may not be the most profitable way to get rid of your old junk.', 'Many Americans with debit cards tied to their checking accounts are still confused about how these programs work. ', "Here's how to avoid these deadly sins if you're contemplating or already in a divorce.", "The IRS offers a lot of help for students. Problem is, the educational tax breaks and how they work together -- or don't -- are confusing.", 'Get the best of CNBC in your inbox', 'Tips for home buyers that will help you find the right home for your bank account.', 'Complaints about movers are down. How to find the right one—and save.', "Forget bathing suit season. Why it's really time to join the gym. ", 'Drivers might see lower gas prices this year, but smart shopping tactics could help them save even more.', 'Data is a real-time snapshot *Data is delayed at least 15 minutesGlobal Business and Financial News, Stock Quotes, and Market Data and Analysis', '© 2014 CNBC LLC.  All Rights Reserved.', 'A Division of NBCUniversal']

从你提供的链接网站中获取主文章的文本。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
r = requests.get("http://www.cnbc.com/id/101790001?__source=yahoo%7Cfinance%7Cheadline%7Cheadline%7Cstory&par=yahoo&doc=101790001%7CThink%20college%20is%20expensiv#")
soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content)
text =[''.join(s.findAll(text=True)) for s in soup.findAll("div", {"class":"group"})]
print (text)
['\n  Congratulations, graduates, on your diploma. Now what about that $29,000 student loan debt? \n  More than 70 percent of graduates will carry student debt into the real world, according to the Institute for College Access and Success. And the average debt is just shy of $30,000.  \n  But the news will get worse next week when interest rates on student loans are set to rise again.   \n  Though federal student loan rates are fixed for the life of the loan, these rates reset for new borrowers every July 1, thanks to legislation that ties the rates to the performance of the financial markets.  \n  The interest rate on federal Stafford loans will go from its current fixed rate of just under 4 percent to 4.66 percent for loans that are distributed between July 1 and June 30, 2015.  \n Read MoreStudent loan problem an easy fix: Sen. Warren \n  For graduate students, the rate on Stafford loans will rise from just over 5 percent  to 6.21 percent.  \n  Direct PLUS Loans for graduates and parents are still the most expensive, with rates rising to 7.21 percent.\n', '\n  The increase in monthly federal student loan payments can add up quickly, but shouldn\'t be too burdensome for most students. For every $10,000 in loans, new borrowers will pay about $4 more a month based on a 10-year repayment period.   \n Read MoreWhy millennial women don\'t save for retirement \n  Still, experts warn that this is only just the beginning.  \n  "Federal student loan rates will continue to increase in the next few years and will likely hit the maximum rate caps which are as high as 10.5 percent for some loans," said Mark Kantrowitz, senior vice president and publisher of Edvisors.com.  \n  For sophomore student Samantha Cook, the decision to go to George Washington University was a big one financially. She says she had doubts about it.  \n  "My parents wanted to assure me that no matter what I picked, we\'d find a way to make it work," Cook said. Like most families, Cook and her parents are making it work by combining their household savings, scholarships and grants—and student loans.    \n Read MoreCramer: Offset high cost of higher education \n  Despite rising tuition and borrowing costs, the Cook family decided against Samantha transferring to an in-state university.  \n  Despite the debt load she is taking on, she said, "the value of a GW degree for me at least would be more valuable when looking for jobs later on." \n —By CNBC\'s Sharon Epperson \n']