C# 模拟 Python 字典语法的方法

12 投票
2 回答
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提问于 2025-04-15 14:05

有没有什么好的方法可以在C#中模仿下面的Python语法:

mydict = {}
mydict["bc"] = {}
mydict["bc"]["de"] = "123";  # <-- This line
mydict["te"] = "5";          # <-- While also allowing this line

换句话说,我想要一种可以用方括号([])访问的方式,它可以根据设置返回另一个字典或者字符串类型。

我一直在尝试用自定义类来实现这个功能,但似乎没有成功。有没有什么好主意?

谢谢!

编辑:我知道这样做有点不太好。Jared Par的解决方案很好……适用于这种形式的两层字典。不过,我对更多层次的实现也很感兴趣……比如说,

mydict["bc"]["df"]["ic"] = "32";

等等。对此有什么想法吗?

编辑3:

这是我最终使用的类:

class PythonDict {
    /* Public properties and conversions */
    public PythonDict this[String index] {
        get {
            return this.dict_[index];
        }
        set {
            this.dict_[index] = value;
        }
    }

    public static implicit operator PythonDict(String value) {
        return new PythonDict(value);
    }

    public static implicit operator String(PythonDict value) {
        return value.str_;
    }

    /* Public methods */
    public PythonDict() {
        this.dict_ = new Dictionary<String, PythonDict>();
    }

    public PythonDict(String value) {
        this.str_ = value;
    }

    public bool isString() {
        return (this.str_ != null);
    }

    /* Private fields */
    Dictionary<String, PythonDict> dict_ = null;
    String str_ = null;
}

这个类可以支持无限层级,并且可以在不进行显式转换的情况下读取(可能有点危险,但也没办法)。

用法如下:

        PythonDict s = new PythonDict();
        s["Hello"] = new PythonDict();
        s["Hello"]["32"] = "hey there";
        s["Hello"]["34"] = new PythonDict();
        s["Hello"]["34"]["Section"] = "Your face";
        String result = s["Hello"]["34"]["Section"];
        s["Hi there"] = "hey";

非常感谢你,Jared Par!

2 个回答

2

感谢你提出这个问题和解决方案。下面是转换成VB.NET的代码:

Public Class PythonDict
    ' Public properties and conversions
    Default Public Property Item(ByVal index As String) As PythonDict
        Get
            Return Me.dict_(index)
        End Get

       Set(value As PythonDict)
            Me.dict_(index) = value
       End Set
    End Property

    Public Shared Narrowing Operator CType(value As String) As PythonDict
       Return New PythonDict(value)
    End Operator

    Public Shared Widening Operator CType(value As PythonDict) As String
       Return value.str_
    End Operator

    ' Public methods
    Public Sub New()
       Me.dict_ = New Dictionary(Of String, PythonDict)()
    End Sub

    Public Sub New(value As String)
       Me.str_ = value
    End Sub

    Public Function isString() As Boolean
       Return (Me.str_ IsNot Nothing)
    End Function

    ' Private fields
    Private dict_ As Dictionary(Of String, PythonDict) = Nothing
    Private str_ As String = Nothing
End Class

使用方法:

Dim s As PythonDict = New PythonDict()
s("Hello") = New PythonDict()
s("Hello")("32") = "hey there"
s("Hello")("34") = New PythonDict()
s("Hello")("34")("Section") = "Your face"
Dim result As String = s("Hello")("34")("Section")
s("Hi there") = "hey"
14

你可以通过创建一个类,咱们叫它 PythonDictionary,来实现这个功能。这个类会在你使用 mydict["bc"] 时返回。

  • 需要有一个索引器属性,这样你就可以用 ["de"] 来访问它。
  • 需要有一个隐式转换功能,可以让字符串自动转换成 PythonDictionary。

这样的话,这两种情况都能正常编译。

举个例子:

public class PythonDictionary {
    public string this[string index] {
        get { ... }
        set { ... }
    }
    public static implicit operator PythonDictionary(string value) {
        ...
    }
}

public void Example() {
    Dictionary<string, PythonDictionary> map = new Dictionary<string, PythonDictionary>();
    map["42"]["de"] = "foo";
    map["42"] = "bar";
}

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