Python去除字符串中的制表符并标记化列表

Question

我尝试了很多次，但就是不行。

输入内容：

condor  t   airline airline
eight   n   0   flightnumber
nine    n   0   flightnumber
five    n   0   flightnumber
hallo   t   0   sentence
turn    t   com turn_heading
left    t   0   direction
heading t   com turn_heading
three   n   0   degree_absolute
two     n   0   degree_absolute
zero    n   0   degree_absolute

期望的输出：

<s> <callsign> <airline> condor </airline> <flightnumber> eight nine five </flightnumber> </callsign> hallo <command="turn_heading"> turn <direction> left </direction> heading <degree_absolute> three two zero </degree_absolute> </command> </s>

每次我尝试输入内容时，制表符总是妨碍我把字符串分开，尽管我把它们作为列表或字符串输入。这是我尝试去掉制表符时发生的情况：

['condor\tt\tairline\tairline\n', 'eight\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'nine\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'five\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'hallo\tt\t \tsentence\n', 'turn\tt\tcom\tturn_heading\n', 'left\tt\t \tdirection\n', 'heading\tt\tcom\tturn_heading\n', 'three\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'two\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'zero\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', '\n', 'aeh\tt\t \tsentence\n', 'two\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'eight\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'november\tt\tflightnumber\tflightnumber\n', 'hallo\tt\t \tsentence\n', 'reduce\tt\tcom\treduce\n', 'two\tn\t \tspeed\n', 'two\tn\t \tspeed\n', 'zero\tn\t \tspeed\n', 'knots\tt\t \treduce\n', '\n', 'condor\tt\tairline\tairline\n', 'eight\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'nine\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'five\tn\t \tflightnumber\n', 'descend\tt\tcom\tdescend\n', 'three\tn\t \taltitude\n', 'thousand\tn\t \taltitude\n', 'feet\tt\t \tdescend\n', 'turn\tt\tcom\tturn_heading\n', 'left\tt\t \tdirection\n', 'heading\tt\tcom\tturn_heading\n', 'two\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'six\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'zero\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'cleared\tt\tcom\tcleared_ils\n', 'ils\tt\t \tcleared_ils\n', 'runway\tt\t \tcleared_ils\n', 'two\tn\t \trunway\n', 'three\tn\t \trunway\n', 'left\tt\t \trunway\n', 'turn\tt\tcom\tturn_heading\n', 'left\tt\t \tdirection\n', 'heading\tt\tcom\tturn_heading\n', 'two\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'five\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n', 'zero\tn\t \tdegree_absolute\n']

有没有什么办法可以让我去掉制表符，然后把它们分开并转换成标记格式呢？

我一直在用来去除控制字符的代码：

import string
with open('input.txt', 'r') as file1:
    lines = str(list(file1))
    print lines.translate(string.maketrans("\n\t\r", "   "))

Answer 1

如果你使用 csv 模块，这件事就非常简单：

>>> import csv
>>> f = ["condor\tt\tairline\tairline", 
         "eight\tn\t0\tflightnumber",
         "nine\tn\t0\tflightnumber",
         "turn\tt\tcom\tturn_heading",
         "left\tt\t0\tdirection"] # fake 'file' for testing
>>> list(csv.DictReader(f, delimiter="\t"))
[{'condor': 'eight', 't': 'n', 'airline': 'flightnumber'}, 
 {'condor': 'nine', 't': 'n', 'airline': 'flightnumber'},
 {'condor': 'turn', 't': 't', 'airline': 'turn_heading'}, 
 {'condor': 'left', 't': 't', 'airline': 'direction'}]

注意，我在这里指定了 delimiter='\t'，这表示我使用的是以制表符分隔的文件（而不是默认的逗号分隔）。我还用了 DictReader，这样每一行就会自动变成一个字典，格式是 {字段名: 值, ...}。

然后你可以把这些字典处理成你想要的任何格式。