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java如何使组件跨越GridBagLayout中的多个单元格

4 月，2 周 Questions & Answers

我必须为学校做这个：

GUI

这是我目前掌握的代码：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class AddressBookGui1 extends JFrame {
public AddressBookGui1(){

    GridBagLayout gbl = new GridBagLayout();
    GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
    setLayout(gbl);

    JLabel label;
    JButton button;
    JTextField textField;
    JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(10, 20);

    gbc.weightx = 1;
    label = new JLabel("text");
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 0;
    gbc.gridy = 0;
    add(label ,gbc);

    textField = new JTextField();
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 1;
    gbc.gridy = 0;
    add(textField ,gbc);

    label = new JLabel("text");
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 0;
    gbc.gridy = 1;
    gbc.gridwidth = 1;
    add(label ,gbc);

    textField = new JTextField();
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 1;
    gbc.gridy = 1;
    gbc.gridwidth = 2;
    add(textField, gbc);

    label = new JLabel("text");
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 0;
    gbc.gridy = 2;
    gbc.gridwidth = 1;
    add(label ,gbc);

    textField = new JTextField();
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 1;
    gbc.gridy = 2;
    gbc.gridwidth = 2;
    add(textField, gbc);

    label = new JLabel("text");
    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 0;
    gbc.gridy = 3;
    gbc.gridwidth = 1;
    add(label ,gbc);



    gbc.weightx = 1;
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.CENTER;
    gbc.gridwidth = 2;
    gbc.gridx = 1;
    gbc.gridy = 3;

    add(textArea, gbc);

    gbc.weightx = 1;
    button = new JButton("text");
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridwidth = 1;
    gbc.gridx = 0;
    gbc.gridy = 4;
    add(button ,gbc);

    gbc.weightx = 1;
    button = new JButton("text");
    gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
    gbc.gridx = 3;
    gbc.gridy = 4;
    add(button ,gbc);



}
public static void main(String[] args){
  AddressBookGui1 frame = new AddressBookGui1();
  frame.setTitle("Address Book");
  frame.setSize(400, 300);
  frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
  frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
  frame.setVisible(true); 
}

}

This is the result

（我仍然需要处理填充和插入。我已经让它们在一个更简单的程序中工作，所以我想我已经掌握了这些东西）

我已经尝试过GridBagLayout Oracle教程，但我不确定我做错了什么。有人能帮我让它看起来更像是应该的吗？特别是使文本字段和文本区域跨越2个单元格


共 (2) 个答案

  1. # 1 楼答案

    关于你的代码，我注意到了一些事情

    • 不要使用JFrame的setSize()。这将导致异常行为。 取而代之的是，让框架根据其自身的大小来调整自身的大小 组件。如果希望框架更大，请不要调整尺寸 但框架内的组件。你也可以 设置PreferredSize或覆盖组件的getpreferredsize，如果 您确实需要调整is大小，因为GridBagLayout是那些尊重 首选组件的大小。使用pack()删除不必要的 空间

    • 不要扩展JFrame，使您的UI类具有主面板和 在那里添加所有组件。为该面板提供一个吸气剂（例如。 getUI()）用于提取该类的UI

    • 无论何时，始终重新实例化GridBagConstraints对象 将应用于另一个组件。这样就更安全了 可读的

    • 使用插图在零部件周围放置填充物

    • 不要对不同的组件重复使用相同的引用

    • 使用Initial Thread

    • 这不是标准的，但我发现它在工作时真的很有用 使用GridBagLayout，在设置gbc的约束时，将其设置为 按字母顺序排列

    为了解决您的问题，下面是修改后的代码，其中包含了我所指出的关于applicated的内容

    public class AddressBook {

    private JPanel pnlMain;

    public AddressBook() {
        pnlMain = new JPanel();
        pnlMain.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
        GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();

        JLabel lblName = new JLabel("Name");
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 0;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(lblName, gbc);

        JTextField txtName = new JTextField();
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 3;
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 0;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 0, 0, 10);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(txtName, gbc);

        JLabel lblPhone = new JLabel("Phone");
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 1;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(lblPhone, gbc);

        JTextField txtPhone = new JTextField();
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 3;
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 1;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 0, 0, 10);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(txtPhone, gbc);

        JLabel lblEmail = new JLabel("Email");
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 2;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(lblEmail, gbc);

        JTextField txtEmail = new JTextField();
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 3;
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 2;
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 0, 0, 10);
        pnlMain.add(txtEmail, gbc);

        JLabel lblAddress = new JLabel("Address");
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 3;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(0, 10, 0, 0);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(lblAddress, gbc);

        JTextArea txtAreaAddress = new JTextArea(10, 20);
        JScrollPane pane = new JScrollPane(txtAreaAddress);
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.NORTH;
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;
        gbc.gridwidth = 3;
        gbc.gridx = 1;
        gbc.gridy = 3;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(5, 0, 0, 10);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(pane, gbc);

        JButton btnSave = new JButton("Save");
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
        gbc.fill = GridBagConstraints.NONE;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridx = 0;
        gbc.gridy = 4;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 10, 10, 0);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(btnSave, gbc);

        JButton btnCancel = new JButton("Cancel");
        gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
        gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
        gbc.gridwidth = 1;
        gbc.gridx = 3;
        gbc.gridy = 4;
        gbc.insets = new Insets(10, 0, 10, 10);
        gbc.weightx = 1;
        pnlMain.add(btnCancel, gbc);

    }

    public JPanel getUI(){
        return pnlMain;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Address Book");
                frame.getContentPane().add(new AddressBook().getUI());
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

}
  2. # 2 楼答案

    gbc。gridwidth是允许组件跨越多个列的参数。例如，如果有3列4行，并且希望标签占据完整的顶行，则需要为标签指定第一个单元格。并设置gbc。网格宽度=3