java如何创建并写入Excel文件（.xlsx）？

# 1 楼答案

因为这个问题似乎相当简单：“为Excel（*.xlsx）创建Office Open XML文件的最轻量级方法是什么？”，我将提供一个不需要任何库的示例，除了默认的java.lang、java.io和java.util.zip

*.xlsx文件只不过是一个ZIP存档，包含XML文件和目录结构中的其他文件。因此，我们所需要的只是创建、读取和写入ZIP档案以及创建、读取和写入XML文件的可能性。对于ZIP部分，我使用java.util.zip，对于XML部分，我使用字符串操作。通过字符串操作创建和操作XML并不是最推荐的操作XML的方法，但它是最轻量级的方法，因为它不需要任何额外的XML库

完整示例：

import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import java.util.zip.*;

public class CreateXLSXFromScratch {

 //some static parts of the XLSX file:

 static String content_types_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?><Types xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/content-types\"><Default ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.relationships+xml\" Extension=\"rels\"/><Default ContentType=\"application/xml\" Extension=\"xml\"/><Override ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.extended-properties+xml\" PartName=\"/docProps/app.xml\"/><Override ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-package.core-properties+xml\" PartName=\"/docProps/core.xml\"/><Override ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sharedStrings+xml\" PartName=\"/xl/sharedStrings.xml\"/><Override ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.styles+xml\" PartName=\"/xl/styles.xml\"/><Override ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet.main+xml\" PartName=\"/xl/workbook.xml\"/><Override ContentType=\"application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.worksheet+xml\" PartName=\"/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml\"/></Types>";

 static String docProps_app_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><Properties xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/extended-properties\"><Application>" + "Created Low level From Scratch" + "</Application></Properties>";

 static String docProps_core_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?><cp:coreProperties xmlns:cp=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/metadata/core-properties\" xmlns:dc=\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\" xmlns:dcterms=\"http://purl.org/dc/terms/\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"><dcterms:created xsi:type=\"dcterms:W3CDTF\">" + java.time.Instant.now().truncatedTo(java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit.SECONDS).toString() + "</dcterms:created><dc:creator>" + "Axel Richter from scratch" + "</dc:creator></cp:coreProperties>";

 static String _rels_rels_xml  = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?><Relationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\"><Relationship Id=\"rId1\" Target=\"xl/workbook.xml\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument\"/><Relationship Id=\"rId2\" Target=\"docProps/app.xml\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/extended-properties\"/><Relationship Id=\"rId3\" Target=\"docProps/core.xml\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships/metadata/core-properties\"/></Relationships>";

 static String xl_rels_workbook_xml_rels_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?><Relationships xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships\"><Relationship Id=\"rId1\" Target=\"sharedStrings.xml\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/sharedStrings\"/><Relationship Id=\"rId2\" Target=\"styles.xml\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles\"/><Relationship Id=\"rId3\" Target=\"worksheets/sheet1.xml\" Type=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/worksheet\"/></Relationships>";

 static String xl_sharedstrings_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><sst count=\"0\" uniqueCount=\"0\" xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\"/>"; 

 static String xl_styles_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><styleSheet xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\"><numFmts count=\"0\"/><fonts count=\"1\"><font><sz val=\"11.0\"/><color indexed=\"8\"/><name val=\"Calibri\"/><family val=\"2\"/><scheme val=\"minor\"/></font></fonts><fills count=\"2\"><fill><patternFill patternType=\"none\"/></fill><fill><patternFill patternType=\"darkGray\"/></fill></fills><borders count=\"1\"><border><left/><right/><top/><bottom/><diagonal/></border></borders><cellStyleXfs count=\"1\"><xf numFmtId=\"0\" fontId=\"0\" fillId=\"0\" borderId=\"0\"/></cellStyleXfs><cellXfs count=\"1\"><xf numFmtId=\"0\" fontId=\"0\" fillId=\"0\" borderId=\"0\" xfId=\"0\"/></cellXfs></styleSheet>";

 static String xl_workbook_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><workbook xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\" xmlns:r=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships\"><workbookPr date1904=\"false\"/><bookViews><workbookView activeTab=\"0\"/></bookViews><sheets><sheet name=\"" + "Sheet1" + "\" r:id=\"rId3\" sheetId=\"1\"/></sheets></workbook>";

 static String xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><worksheet xmlns=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/spreadsheetml/2006/main\"><dimension ref=\"A1\"/><sheetViews><sheetView workbookViewId=\"0\" tabSelected=\"true\"/></sheetViews><sheetFormatPr defaultRowHeight=\"15.0\"/><sheetData/><pageMargins bottom=\"0.75\" footer=\"0.3\" header=\"0.3\" left=\"0.7\" right=\"0.7\" top=\"0.75\"/></worksheet>";

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  // result goes into a ByteArrayOutputStream
  ByteArrayOutputStream resultout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

  // needed objects
  ZipEntry zipentry = null;
  byte[] data = null;

  // create ZipOutputStream
  ZipOutputStream zipout = new ZipOutputStream(resultout);

  // create the static parts of the XLSX ZIP file:

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("[Content_Types].xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = content_types_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("docProps/app.xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = docProps_app_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("docProps/core.xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = docProps_core_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("_rels/.rels");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = _rels_rels_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("xl/_rels/workbook.xml.rels");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = xl_rels_workbook_xml_rels_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("xl/sharedStrings.xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = xl_sharedstrings_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("xl/styles.xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = xl_styles_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipentry = new ZipEntry("xl/workbook.xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = xl_workbook_xml.getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  // preparing the sheet data:

  Object[][] sheetData = new Object[][] {
   {"Text", "Value", "Formula"},
   {"Text1", 1.23456, "=SIN(B2)"},
   {"Text2", 2.34567, "=SQRT(B3)"},
   {"Text3", 123.456, "=B4/10"}
  };
  String sheetdata = "<sheetData>";
  int r = 0;
  char c = 'A'; --c;
  for (Object[] rowData : sheetData) {
   sheetdata += "<row r=\"" + ++r + "\">";
   c = 'A'; --c;
   for (Object cellData : rowData) {
    sheetdata += "<c r=\"" + Character.toString(++c) + r + "\"";
    if (cellData instanceof String && ((String)cellData).startsWith("=")) {
     sheetdata += "><f>" + ((String)cellData).replace("=", "") + "</f></c>";
    } else if (cellData instanceof String) {
     sheetdata += " t=\"inlineStr\"><is><t>" + ((String)cellData) + "</t></is></c>";
    } else if (cellData instanceof Double) {
     sheetdata += "><v>" + ((Double)cellData) + "</v></c>";
    }
   }
   sheetdata += "</row>";
  }
  sheetdata += "</sheetData>";

  // get the static sheet xml into a buffer for further processing
  StringBuffer xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer = new StringBuffer(xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml);

  // get position of the <dimension ref=\"A1\"/> in the static xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml
  int dimensionstart = xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer.indexOf("<dimension ref=\"A1\"/>");
  // replace the <dimension ref=\"A1\"/> with the new dimension
  xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer = xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer.replace(
   dimensionstart, 
   dimensionstart + "<dimension ref=\"A1\"/>".length(), 
   "<dimension ref=\"A1:" + Character.toString(c) + r + "\"/>");

  // get position of the <sheetData/> in the static xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml
  int sheetdatastart = xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer.indexOf("<sheetData/>");
  // replace the <sheetData/> with the prepared sheet date string
  xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer = xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer.replace(
   sheetdatastart, 
   sheetdatastart + "<sheetData/>".length(), 
   sheetdata);

  // create the xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml
  zipentry = new ZipEntry("xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml");
  zipout.putNextEntry(zipentry);
  data = xl_worksheets_sheet1_xml_buffer.toString().getBytes();
  zipout.write(data, 0, data.length);
  zipout.closeEntry();

  zipout.finish();

  // now ByteArrayOutputStream resultout contains the XLSX file data

  // writing this data into a file
  try (java.io.FileOutputStream fileout = new java.io.FileOutputStream("test.xlsx")) {
   resultout.writeTo(fileout);
   resultout.close();
  }

 }
}

# 2 楼答案

2018年。使用Microsoft Graph API并在O365中创建Excel文件

微软在Angular和C#上发布了一些例子。这不是Java，但它是一个很好的起点：https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/docs/concepts/excel-write-to-workbook

该MS Graph Java SDK与Android兼容

限制——使用API从头开始创建Excel文件并不容易。您可能希望保留一个空白工作簿，并每次克隆它

# 3 楼答案

第一个答案：在服务器端完成

如果这是不可能的，就使用JExecelAPI——几乎所有读取xlsx文件的东西都会读取xls文件

其他的Excel库都太大了

另一个想法是，手动编写csv文件，或者使用许多可用的csv库之一编写。同样，大多数读取Excel文件的应用程序也会读取csv文件

# 4 楼答案

使用ApachePOI，只需将compile "com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1"添加到build.gradle中的依赖项，即可启用多索引。还需要将multiDexEnabled设置为true。这将消除65k方法的限制

# 5 楼答案

如果您不需要从任何来源读取xlsx文件，我建议您使用CSV excel，它完全能够将该类型转换为其任何std输出

即使你需要公式，单元格格式，也有办法在你引用的库中使用它，或者使用你自己的xml解析器，正如我之前的许多人所说，excel格式只是一个包含xml的压缩包。以下是对这些xml的描述：

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd979921(v=office.12).aspx

你会发现excel的格式非常复杂，简单的可追溯性并不是他们的首要任务。因此，使用XPath或JAXB创建自己的受限解析器将是一项繁重的工作，但并非不可能

但我不明白你为什么要限制方法的数量？如果是关于制作嵌入式软件，在我看来，你不应该使用。xlsx，这是一个复杂而繁重的文件，只是为了保存网格

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